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ACT · English: Rhetorical Skills · Japan

English: Rhetorical Skills for the ACT Exam — Japanese candidates

10% of the ACT test plan. ACT English Rhetorical Skills questions test writing strategy, organization, and style — assessing your ability to improve the clarity and effectiveness of a passage. Calibrated for Japanese candidates.

Most exam coaching covers the curriculum at the same depth across all topics. That misses the asymmetry of high-stakes testing: a few topics carry disproportionate weight on the score. English: Rhetorical Skills sits at roughly 10% of the American College Testing content distribution — Rhetorical Skills accounts for approximately 35% of the ACT English section and is distinct from grammar. These questions ask: Does this sentence belong here? Should this paragraph be moved? Does this opening sentence set up the paragraph effectively? Is this word choice too wordy or redundant? Unlike grammar questions, Rhetorical Skills questions do not have a single rule to apply — they require you to think like a careful writer and editor. Students who only drill grammar rules often perform poorly on these questions. Pass rates for the ACT are published annually by the awarding body and vary by cohort and locale. For Japanese candidates preparing for ACT, the calibration of study to local context matters: TOEIC is the dominant English credential in Japan. JLPT is taken by both inbound foreign workers and Japanese students seeking Japanese-language certification.

Pass rates for ACT (Japan) are published periodically by the awarding body.

Common failure modes

These are the patterns that cause most candidates to lose marks on this topic. Recognising them in advance is half the work.

  • !On "add/delete a sentence" questions, not evaluating whether the sentence serves the passage's stated purpose — the question always tells you what goal to evaluate
  • !Choosing longer, more "impressive-sounding" answers — ACT rewards concision and penalizes redundancy, so the shortest grammatically correct answer is often correct
  • !Not reading the entire paragraph before answering an organization question — the correct placement of a sentence depends on context you can only get from reading the whole unit
  • !Treating style questions as subjective — ACT Rhetorical Skills questions have objectively correct answers based on the passage's established tone and purpose

Study tips

  • 1For "add or delete a sentence" questions, always identify the stated goal first ("adds relevant information that supports the main argument"). Then test each choice against that goal — not against your own opinion.
  • 2Whenever ACT offers "OMIT the underlined portion" or "DELETE the underlined sentence" as an option, check it first. If the passage is clearer or more concise without the underlined text, OMIT/DELETE is often correct.
  • 3For transition questions (choosing the best word to begin a sentence or connect paragraphs), identify the logical relationship between the ideas: contrast, cause-effect, sequence, or elaboration.
  • 4Read each passage introduction — it typically tells you the author's purpose and audience, which guides all Rhetorical Skills decisions in that passage.
  • 5日本の受験者の方は、ACT の各セクションにおいて時間配分の練習が最も重要です — 模擬試験を本番と同じ条件で繰り返してください。

Sample ACT English: Rhetorical Skills questions

These sample items mirror the format and difficulty of real ACT questions. Practice with thousands more on the free Koydo question bank.

  1. 1

    A student is writing a passage about renewable energy. The final sentence of the third paragraph reads: "Solar panels are also known as photovoltaic cells." The question asks: Given that the passage is intended to argue for increased government investment in renewable energy, should this sentence be kept or deleted?

    • AKept, because it defines an important technical term
    • BKept, because solar energy is mentioned throughout the passage
    • CDeleted, because it shifts the focus from the argument to a definition that does not advance the investment claimCorrect
    • DDeleted, because it introduces a topic not mentioned earlier in the passage
    Why this answer?

    The stated purpose is to argue for government investment, not to define technology. A sentence that merely defines "photovoltaic cells" without connecting to the investment argument does not advance the passage's purpose. ACT Rhetorical Skills questions always hinge on alignment with the stated purpose, not on whether information is factually correct or interesting. (Illustrative.)

  2. 2

    Choose the best transition word to begin the second sentence: "The new bridge reduced commute times by 40%. _______, the construction project went significantly over budget."

    • AFurthermore,
    • BSimilarly,
    • CHowever,Correct
    • DTherefore,
    Why this answer?

    The first sentence is positive (reduced commute times). The second sentence introduces a negative consequence (over budget). The relationship is contrast, so "However" (concessive contrast) is the correct transition. "Furthermore" and "Similarly" signal continuation or addition. "Therefore" signals a logical consequence — but the budget overrun is not caused by the commute improvement.

Frequently asked questions

Why does ACT English sometimes give "NO CHANGE" as an answer choice?
"NO CHANGE" is a legitimate answer on roughly 25–30% of ACT English questions. Students often avoid it because it feels like giving up. In fact, choosing NO CHANGE when the original is already correct is just as important as fixing errors. Always evaluate the original before looking at alternatives.
How is ACT English organized — questions per passage?
ACT English presents 5 prose passages (nonfiction essays, narratives, and informational writing) with 15 questions each, totaling 75 questions in 45 minutes. Each passage tests both Usage/Mechanics and Rhetorical Skills questions in an integrated format.
What is the ACT pass rate for Japanese candidates?
Pass rates for ACT candidates in Japan are published periodically by the awarding body. Practice questions, full-length simulations, and weak-area drills are the highest-impact way to improve your odds.
How long should Japanese candidates study English: Rhetorical Skills for the ACT?
For most candidates, focused mastery of English: Rhetorical Skills requires 20–40 hours of deliberate practice — drilling sample questions, reviewing failure modes, and timing yourself against exam conditions. TOEIC is the dominant English credential in Japan. JLPT is taken by both inbound foreign workers and Japanese students seeking Japanese-language certification. Combine English: Rhetorical Skills study with full-length mock exams in the final two weeks before your test date.

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Related study guides

Regulatory citation: ACT Inc. — ACT Test Specifications: English section content areas and question distribution.